INTRODUCTION. Cladistics (gr. Klados-branch) is a modern phylogenetic systematics direction which i

INTRODUCTION. Cladistics (gr. Klados-branch) is a modern phylogenetic systematics direction which is opposed to the basic thesis LINE taxonomy. It deals with determining the relationships between organisms on the basis of the similarity. Creator cladism is considered Vili Henig (1913-1976). Today many biologists believe that cladistics most prominent access phylogenetic systematics is literally or in a modified degree used in the construction of the new system of classification. Cladistics, like all other modern trends of systematics, weight findtubes grouping of living beings on the basis of evolutionary relatedness, and thereby uses genetic, biochemical and molecular biological methods. In contrast findtubes kladistici, fenetika grouping living things on the basis of their overall similarity, ie in addition findtubes to methods used cladistics to the domain of their analysis included the data obtained comparative morphological, cytological, paleontological and other methods.
Cladogram. In order to show the diverse relationships between living beings are formed kladogrami, tree-diagrams. On kladogramu are taxa (organisms), presented at the ends of branches. Each node between the branches should be dichotomy grenades. The two taxa at the ends of branches that start from the same node are sister taxa or sister groups. Each branch of the cladogram, no matter how many branches of parts, called clade (gr. Klados - branch). Properly formed cladogram contains all organisms with a common ancestor within a single tree. As a rule, each log is characterized by a group of characteristics that are not present in other logs and such characters in kladistici called sinapomorfije or sinapomorfne properties. As an example we can mention sinapomorfne features a triangular crack at lumber Raphidophyta. Characteristics that log inherited from ancestral stocks are called plezimorfnim findtubes primitive or uncompleted properties, while those that were later evolved called apomorfnim or derivative. Cladistic direction has brought several terms that describe the appearance of the newly formed. findtubes So several terms describing cladogram and position of certain taxa on it. On upright kladogramu taxon or clade are basal to another clade if the branch or down below it. And the opposite findtubes is true, the second log is seated or seated or nested within the first.
Dyes and Pigments ALGAE (1) CITOLOGY findtubes ALGAE (1) environmental groups ALGAE (1) ecological findtubes relationships ALGAE (1) EVOLUTION OF ALGAE (1) GEOGRAPHY OF ALGAE (1) NUTRITION SEAWEED (1) Cladistics (1) CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE (1) MOVEMENT findtubes OF ALGAE (1) MORPHOLOGY ALGAE (1) growth of algae (1) TAXONOMY ALGAE (1) Toxicology ALGAE (1) IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE FOR A MAN (1) LIFE CYCLE OF ALGAE (1)
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